注释（第12/14页）
第六章 内战的世界 20世纪
[1] Torres Bodet, “Why We Fight.”感谢Glenda Sluga为我提供这个参考。
[2] Neumann, “International Civil War,” 333, 350; Kunze, “Zweiter Dreißigjähriger Krieg.”
[3] Voltaire, Le siècle de Louis XIV (1756), quoted in Pagden, “Europe:Conceptualizing a Continent,” in The Idea of Europe: From Antiquity to the European Union, ed. Pagden, 37.
[4] Fénelon, Fables and Dialogues of the Dead, 183; Bell, First Total War, 59.
[5] Lucan, Bellum civile 1.1 – 2: “bella per Emathios plus quam civilian campos, /…canimus” (my emphases).
[6] Armitage, “Cosmopolitanism and Civil War.”
[7] Kant, “Toward Perpetual Peace,” in Practical Philosophy, trans. Gregor, 330.
[8] Rousseau, Project for Perpetual Peace, 9 (“presque la cruauté des guerres civiles”).
[9] Bourrienne, Mémoires de M. de Bourrienne, ministre d’état, 5:207: “La Turquieexceptée, l’Europe n’est qu’une province du monde; quand nous battons, nous ne faisons que de la guerre civile.”
[10] Martin, La Russie et l’Europe, 106: “Toutes les guerres entre Européens sont guerres civiles.”
[11] 参见，例如G. K. Chesterton, in Hymans, Fort, and Rastoul, Pax mundi;Coudenhove-Kalergi, Europe Must Unite, title page。
[12] Diplomatic Conference for the Establishment of International Conventions for the Protection of Victims of War, Final Record of the Diplomatic Conference of Geneva of 1949, 2B:325, 11; Sivakumaran, Law of Non-international Armed Conflict,30 – 31, 40.
[13] International Committee of the Red Cross, Seventeenth International Red Cross Conference, Stockholm, August 1948: Report, 71; Pictet, Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, 39 – 48. On the drafting of Common Article 3, see Moir, Law of Internal Armed Conflict,23 – 29.
[14] 20世纪法律背景，详见Rougier, Les guerres civiles et le droit des gens; Siotis,Le droit de la guerre et les conflits armés d’un caractère non-international;Castrén, Civil War; La Haye, War Crimes in Internal Armed Conflicts; Solis,Law of Armed Conflict; Dinstein, Non-international Armed Conflicts in International Law; Moir, “Concept of Non-international Armed Conflict”。
[15] Geneva Convention, Common Article 3, in Pictet, Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, 37 – 38.
[16] Sivakumaran, Law of Non-international Armed Conflict, 163; Diplomatic Conference for the Establishment of International Conventions for the Protection of Victims of War, Final Record of the Diplomatic Conference of Geneva of 1949, 1:351, quoted in ibid., 163.日内瓦会议关于殖民地的修改决议，参见Klose, “Colonial Testing Ground,” 108 – 11; Klose, Human Rights in the Shadow of Colonial Violence, trans. Geyer, 122 – 24。
[17] Institut de Droit International, “Principle of Non-intervention in Civil Wars.”
[18] Moir, Law of Internal Armed Conflict, 89 – 132; Sivakumaran, Law of Noninternational Armed Conflict,49 – 92, 182 – 92.
[19] Cullen, Concept of Non-international Armed Conflict in International Humanitarian Law; Vité, “Typology of Armed Conflicts in International Humanitarian Law,” 75 – 83; David, “Internal (Non-international) Armed Conflict.”
[20] 冲突分类的叙述，详见Wilmshurst, International Law and the Classification of Conflict。
[21] Institut de Droit International, “Application of International Humanitarian Law and Fundamental Human Rights, in Armed Conflicts in Which Non-state Entities Are Parties.”
[22] Kolb, “Le droit international public et le concept de guerre civile depuis 1945”;Mattler, “Distinction Between Civil Wars and International Wars and Its Legal Implications.”
[23] International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Prosecutor v. Tadi ,§ 97.
[24] 这些努力的总结和评论，详见Kre and Mégret, “The Regulation of Noninternational Armed Conflicts”。
[25] U.K. Ministry of Defence, Manual of the Law of Armed Conflict,381 – 408.
[26] Sewall, introduction to U.S. Army/Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual, 352.
[27] International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Prosecutor v. Tadi ,§§ 126, 119.
[28] U.S. Department of State, Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs, “Daily Press Briefing — December 2, 2011”; Pressman, “Why Deny Syria Is in a Civil War?”