第二部分进一步阅读书目(第3/5页)

在众多概述伊斯兰教的著作中,下列著作尤为出色:H.A.R.Gibb,Mohammedanism:A Historical Survey,2nd ed.(London,1953);Bernard Lewis,The Arabs in History(London and New York,1950);Marshall G.S.Hodgson,The Venture of Islam:Conscience and History in a World Civilization,3 vols.(Chicago,1974);Gustave E.von Grunebaum,Medieval Islam:A Study in Cultural Orientation,2nd ed.(Chicago,1955);T.W.Arnold,The Caliphate(Oxford,1924);T.W.Arnold,The Preaching of Islam,2nd ed.(London,1913)。关于穆罕默德的生平,Tor Andrae,Mohammed:The Man and His Faith(New York,1956),W.Montgomery Watt,Muhammad at Merca(Oxford,1953)和W.Montgomery Watt,Muhammad at Medina(Oxford,1956)是非常优秀的著作。《古兰经》有多种译本存在;似乎没有一部英语版本达到了原著的文学功力,我无法确定最佳译本。Eric Schroeder,Muhammads People(Freeport,Me.,1955)是阿拉伯特别是伊斯兰教之前的诗歌的大杂烩译本。William Polk,The Golden Ode(Chicago,1974)翻译了前伊斯兰教阿拉伯的重要著作,并且把它作为阿拉伯社会的一种介绍而加以讨论。完全不同风格的是Ibn Khaldun,The Muquaddimah:An Introduction to History,tr.Franz Rosenthal,3 vols.(New York,1958)。W.Montgomer Watt,tr.,The Faith and Practice of Al-Ghazali(London and New York,1953),是一位著名的穆斯林神学家的自传,提供了洞悉穆斯林文明的第三只眼。

关于苏菲运动给伊斯兰教带来的重大变化,A.J.Arberry,Suffism:An Account of the Mystics of Islam(London,1950)和Reynold Alleyne Nicholson,Studies in Islamic Mysticism(Cambridge,1921)值得推荐。Edward G.Browne, A Literary History of Persia,4 vols.(London and Cambridge,1902~1924),是名副其实的经典;T.W.Arnold, Painting in Islam(Oxford,1928)和Richard Ettinghausen,Arab Painting(Geneva,1926)都是有价值的著作。

以下著作论述更专门的主题:George Fadlo Hourani,Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times(Princeton,1951);Andrew S.Ehrenkreutz,Saladin,(Albany,N.Y.,1927);W.Barthold,Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion,2nd ed.(London,1928);Paul Wittek,The Rise of the Ottoman Empire(London,1938);Halil Inalcik,The Ottoman Empire:The Classical Age,1300~1600(New York,1973);Franz Babinger,Mahmet the Conqueror and His Time(Princeton,1977);J.K.Birge,The Bektashi Order of Dervishes(Hartford,1937);和Marshall G.S.Hodgson,The Order of Assasins(The Hague,1955)。

中亚和草原地区。欧亚大陆草原地区通常被当作一个整体。Réné Grousset,The Empire of the Steppes(trans.New Brunswick,1970)是少数试图将东西方历史事件融为一体的著作之一。William M.Mcgovern,The Early Empire of Central Asia(Chapel Hill,1939)和Owen Lattimore,The Inner Asian Frontier of China(New York,1940),论述了欧亚草原的东部。W.W.Tarn,The Greeks in Bactria and India,2nd ed.(Cambridge,1951),A.K.Narain,The Indo-Greeks(Oxford,1957),论述了中亚历史上最动荡的一个时期。据我所知,没有类似的论述贵霜帝国的著作,也没有论述维吾尔时代传播到整个中亚的萨珊帝国外围的满意著作。Sir Aurel Stein,On Ancient Central Asia Tracks(London,1933)只记录了他的发现,但没有把他的记录编写成历史。

历史学家对欧亚草原西部的论述则要好得多。M.I.Rostovtseff,Iranians and Greeks in South Russia(Oxford,1922)和Tamara Talbot Rice,The Scythians(London,1957)在第一部分进一步阅读书目中已经提及。Mortimer Wheeler,Rome beyond the Imperial Frontiers(New York,1955);E.A.Thompson,A History of Attila and the Huns(Oxford,1948);Otto Maenchen-Helfen,The World of the Huns(Berkeley,1973);和D.M.Dunlop,The History of the Jewish Khazars(Princeton,1954)不仅非常完满地论述了欧亚草原历史上的每个重要阶段,并论述了它与欧洲的关系。R.A.Stein,Tibetan Civilization(trans.Stanford,1972),是对这个主题的标准论述。关于蒙古,以下两部著作尤为出色:H.Desmond Martin,The Rise of Chings Khan and His Conquest of North China,ed.Elianor Lattimore(Baltimore,1950);和Christopher Dawson,ed.,The Mongol Mission(London and New York,1955)。Michael Prawdin(pseud.For Michael Charol),The Mongol Empire:Its Rise and Legacy(London,1940),是一部可读性强但缺乏事实证明的著作。